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(December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Japanese language makes use of a system of honorific speech, called keishō (敬称), which includes honorific suffixes and prefixes when referring to others in a conversation. Suffixes are often gender-specific at the end of names, while prefixes are attached to the beginning of many nouns. Honorific suffixes also indicate the speaker's level and refer an individual's relationship and are often used alongside other components of Japanese honorific speech. [1] Honorific suffixes are generally used when referring to the person one is talking to or unrelated people and are not used when referring to oneself. The omission of suffixes implies a high degree of intimacy or close friendship. Common honorifics[edit] The most common honorifics include: Honorific Approximate English equivalent Used for San (さん) Mr. / Ms. Adults of equal status, informally and formally Sama (様、さま) Sir / Ma'amDear customer (o-kyaku-sama)
Ladies and Gentlemen (mina-sama)
Your Honor (judges)
Your Lordship/Your Ladyship (judges of higher courts)
Your Grace / Your Reverend / Your Eminence / Your Holiness (religious authorities)
Your Omnipotence (deities) People of higher status (including deities, guests, customers) Kun (君【くん】) Master Kun is a semi-formal title for a man—primarily men younger or the same age as the speaker. Chan (ちゃん) Little.
^ Mateo, Alex (September 27, 2023). "K Manga Adds Hajime no Ippo Boxing Manga in English". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 27, 2023. Retrieved September 27, 2023. ^ "Madhouse. co. jp" はじめの一歩 (in Japanese). Madhouse. Archived from the original on September 15, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
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