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It’s much more casual than san and is typically used for young or teenage boys—”Shinji-kun!” or “Kawaoru-kun!,” for example. However, you can use kun for a girl you’re very close to. Actually, kun is a good choice in general for people who are close to you. I (half-jokingly) refer to my partner with “kun” when talking to Japanese friends and associates. It’s also a good choice for people (men, in particular) of lower or equal status to you at work or school. In romance anime, in particular, you can be very clued into social subtext by keeping track of a character’s progression from san to kun to no honorifics at all. Again, the choice of honorifics tells you a lot about how one character feels about another. In One Piece, Nami always refers to Sanji as “Sanji-kun,” even though Sanji is technically one year older than her. This clues us into two insights: that Nami has a soft spot for Sanji, but also that she knows she can manipulate him to do what she wants, as if she were a senpai (see below!) and he were a younger boy. Chan Chan is kinda-sorta like the female version of kun, except that it’s cuter-feeling. It also can be a bit broader than kun, gender-wise, in referring to any child or pet—specifically because of that cuteness connotation.1Baby talk variations 6Familial honorifics 7See also Toggle See also subsection 7. 1Other languages 8References 9Bibliography 10Further reading 11External links Toggle the table of contents Japanese honorifics 24 languages العربيةAsturianuAzərbaycancaবাংলাCatalàDeutschΕλληνικάEspañolFrançaisGàidhligՀայերենBahasa IndonesiaItalianoMagyarBahasa MelayuNorsk bokmålPolskiPortuguêsРусскийSundaSvenskaTürkçeУкраїнськаTiếng Việt Edit links ArticleTalk English ReadEditView history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions ReadEditView history General What links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkPage informationCite this pageGet shortened URLDownload QR codeWikidata item Print/export Download as PDFPrintable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Polite forms of address in Japanese "Hanshi" redirects here. For the Chinese festival, see Hanshi Festival. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Japanese language makes use of a system of honorific speech, called keishō (敬称), which includes honorific suffixes and prefixes when referring to others in a conversation. Suffixes are often gender-specific at the end of names, while prefixes are attached to the beginning of many nouns. Honorific suffixes also indicate the speaker's level and refer an individual's relationship and are often used alongside other components of Japanese honorific speech. [1] Honorific suffixes are generally used when referring to the person one is talking to or unrelated people and are not used when referring to oneself. The omission of suffixes implies a high degree of intimacy or close friendship. Common honorifics[edit] The most common honorifics include: Honorific Approximate English equivalent Used for San (さん) Mr.
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